Gender Mainstreaming: Who Wins? Gender & Irrigated Urban Vegetable Production in West Africa
نویسندگان
چکیده
Gender roles in agriculture can be quite specific, not only in view of particular labor inputs during the production cycle but also in terms of who farms and who trades certain crops. Using data collected over ten years in West Africa, this study looked at market-oriented urban vegetable production in West Africa and Ghana in particular. Gender disaggregated data on key issues such as access and control of resources, division of tasks, decision-making process and challenges faced was collected from farmers and traders. With several exceptions, a clear gender distinction emerged across the sub-region: men dominate urban vegetable farming, while women manage vegetable marketing. The general differentiation is attributed to societal norms, but other factors play a role as well. Female farmers, for example, feel constrained by existing irrigation practices that are energy-intensive and conflict with household duties. Male farmers, on the other hand, feel significantly oppressed by their dependency on credit and prices dictated by market women, and feel disadvantaged when entering the vegetable retail market. Improved irrigation technology could facilitate a better gender balance on the farm, but mainstreaming gender balance in vegetable wholesale and retail is likely to disadvantage women.
منابع مشابه
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and United Nations Development Programme Mainstreaming Gender into Trade and Development Strategies in Africa
متن کامل
Integrating Gender Responsiveness in Environmental Planning and Management
The Gender Source Book is organised into 3 parts. Part One presents the essence of the Source Book, (a) the context and the concept of gender responsive environmental planning and management (EPM), (b) the process of gender responsive EPM, drawn lessons of experiences from cities and programmes, and (c) the lessons learnt and challenges. Part Two contains the summaries of twenty practical case ...
متن کاملGender-Mainstreaming in Technical and Vocational Education and Training
Gender differences should be considered in vocational high schools so women and men can develop their potentials without being inhibited by gender bias. Gender mainstreaming in vocational high schools is a strategy to integrate gender differences at all stages in teaching-learning process for achieving gender equality and equity. This research evaluates the implementation of gender mainstreamin...
متن کاملGender Mainstreaming in Nordic Development Agencies Seventeen years after the Beijing Conference
The Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995, was critical in making gender equality a development goal and adopted gender-mainstreaming as its primary mechanism to achieve this. Effective implementation of gender-mainstreaming involves changing both the internal organization and the external operations of development agencies to ensure that gender is integrated throughout the ...
متن کاملIntroductory article
In 1995 the Beijing Conference on Women identified gender mainstreaming as a key area for action. Policies to effect gender mainstreaming have since been widely adopted. This special issue of Compare looks at research on how gender mainstreaming has been used in government education departments, schools, higher education institutions, international agencies and NGOs . In this introduction we fi...
متن کامل